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Site structure: the ultimate guide

Your site needs a certain structure. Otherwise, it’ll just be a collection of pages and blog posts. Your users needs the structure to navigate through your site, to click from one page to the other. And Google uses the structure of your site in order to determine what content is important and what content is less important. In this ultimate guide, we’ll tell you everything you need to know about site structure.

Are you struggling with setting up your site’s structure? Don’t know exactly what the best strategy is to link from one post to another? Early december 2016, we’ll release a brand new Site structure training. After following this course, you’ll be able to manage your own site structure.

• Why is site structure important?
• How to set up the structure of your site?
  • Ideal blog structure
  • Dividing your pages into categories
  • Equally large categories
  • Internal link structure
• Taxonomies and tags
• Cornerstone content
• Practical tips and quick wins
  • Remove and redirect!
  • Evaluate your menu
  • Rethink your taxonomy
• Duplicate content

Why is site structure important?

Structuring your website is of great importance for both usability and findability. A lot of sites lack a decent structure to guide visitors to the product they’re looking for. Apart from that, having a clear site structure leads to better understanding of your site by Google, so it’s really important for your SEO. In this chapter, we’ll explain the importance of having a good site structure in detail.

1 Importance for usability

The structure of your website is of great importance for the User eXperience (UX) on your website. If visitors are able to find the products and information they’re looking for, chances increase that they’ll become customers. In other words, you should help them navigate through your shop. A good site structure will help you do that.

Navigating should be easy. You need to categorize your posts and products in a way that they will be easy to find. New audiences should be able to instantly grasp what kind of products you’re selling.

2 Importance for SEO

The structure of a website or a shop is of great importance for its chances to rank in search engines. In our opinion, there are three main reasons for this:

1. It helps Google ‘understand’ your site

The way you structure your site will give Google important clues about where to find the most important content. Your site’s structure determines whether a search engine can understand what your site is about and what you’re selling. It also determines how easily a search engine will find and index the content on certain products. A good structure could, therefore, lead to a higher ranking in Google.

2. It prevents competing with your own content

In your site, you might have blogposts that are quite alike. Perhaps you write a lot about SEO. You could have multiple blog posts about site structure (each covering a different aspect). Consequently, Google would not know which of the product pages is the most important one. So you’d be competing with your pages for a high ranking in Google. You should let Google know which page you deem most important. To do this, you need a good internal linking structure and taxonomy structure, so you can make all those pages work for you, instead of against you.

3. It deals with changes in your website

The products you sell in your shop will probably change over time. So could the content you’re writing. A new collection will be added, as the old one is sold out. Or perhaps you think the information of outdated blogpost should disappear from your site. You do not want Google to show outdated products or blogposts which are no longer available.  You’ll have to deal with these kinds of changes in the structure of your site.

How to set up the structure of your site?

So, how do you construct a decent site structure? We’ll first explain what an ideal site structure looks like and then explain to you how to achieve that for your own site.

Ideal blog structure

The structure of your site should be like a pyramid. On the top of the pyramid is your homepage, and under the homepage are a number of category pages. For larger sites, one should make subcategories or custom taxonomies (more on that later). Within the categories and subcategories you will have a number of blog posts, pages or product pages.

Read more: ‘Intelligent site structure for better SEO’ »

Dividing your pages into categories

If you’ve not yet divided the blog posts or product pages on your site into a number of categories, you should definitely do so (right away). Make sure to add these categories to the main menu of your site.

Equally large categories

Make sure that categories are about equally large. If a category becomes too large because you are blogging a lot about a certain topic, you should divide that category into two main categories. A good rule of thumb for the size of categories is to make sure that no category is more than twice the size of any other category. If you have one such category, dividing it into two separate ones would result in a more accurate reflection of the content on your website. Note that if your category name is reflected in your website’s permalink structure, you should make sure URLs are properly redirected after splitting up a category.

Internal link structure

Your linking structure is of great importance. Each page in the top of a pyramid should link to its subpages. And vice versa, all the subpages should link to the pages on top of the pyramid. There should be really important content (cornerstone articles) at the top of your pyramid, and these should be the articles you link to from all of your blog posts.

Because you’re linking from pages that are closely related to each other content-wise, you’re increasing your site’s possibility to rank. Linking this way will help out search engines by showing them what’s related and what isn’t.

On top of that, with all subpages linking to that one main page at the very top of your pyramid, you are creating cornerstone pages (read more about cornerstone content later on). These will make it easy for search engines to determine what your main pages per subject are.

How to incorporate cornerstone content[/readmore]

Taxonomies and tags

Your site will also benefit by adding tags. Tags and taxonomies will give your site more structure (or at least Google will understand it better).

In WordPress there are two standard ways of adding taxonomies: you can use the aforementioned categories (which will give you the pyramid-like structure) and you can use tags. The difference has to do with structure. Categories are hierarchical; you can have subcategories and sub-subcategories, whereas tags don’t have that hierarchy. Think of it like this: categories are the table of contents of your website, and tags are the index.

Try not to create too many tags. If every post or article receives yet another new unique tag, you are not structuring anything. Make sure tags are used more than once or twice. Make sure tags group articles together that really belong together.

In some WordPress themes, tags are displayed with each post. But, some themes neglect to do so. You should make sure your tags are in fact available to your visitors somewhere, preferably at the bottom of your article. Tags are really useful for your visitors (and not just for Google) to read more about the same topic.

Keep reading: ‘Tagging post properly for users and SEO’ »

Cornerstone content

Really important content pages are called cornerstone content. Cornerstone articles are the most important articles on your website. This is the content that exactly reflects your business or the mission of your business. But focusing on the field around your business could also be a fine strategy to increase your audience and potential buyers.

As we’ve discussed before, cornerstone articles should be relatively high in your site structure, focusing on the most ‘head’ and competitive keywords. If you think of four specific pages you would like someone to read in order to tell them about your site or company, these would need to be the cornerstone articles. In most cases, the homepage would link to these articles.

Websites should have a minimum of one or two cornerstone articles and a maximum of eight to ten. If you want to write more than ten cornerstone articles, you should probably start a second website.

Read on: ‘What type of content should a cornerstone article be?’ »

Category pages or tag pages could make great cornerstone ‘articles’ as well. If you want to optimize your category pages for cornerstone content, it is of great importance to provide really awesome introductory content. You should make sure that this page is a compelling overview of the subject and invites visitors to read even more articles on your sites.

Practical tips and quick wins

Your structure is dynamic. Your business might change over the years, and it makes sense your site’s structure will reflect this change. When you don’t think about your website’s structure on a regular basis, it could grow into this monstrous collection of pages. Your pages or products might not fit in your navigation anymore, and the coherence of your website is nowhere to be found.

Remove and redirect!

Lots of shops will sell a different collection of products (clothes; shoes) every season. The old products could go on sale for a while, but eventually they will be sold out. If you don’t expect to sell the exact same product again, you should remove the page. Also, if content is completely outdated, remove that page!

However, you may have had some valuable links to that exact page. You want to make sure you benefit from these links, even though the page does not exist anymore. That’s why you should redirect the URL.

Redirecting pages is not that hard. If you use WordPress, our Yoast SEO Premium plugin can help you to take care of redirects. Preferably you should redirect the URL (301) to the product that replaced the product or, if there is no replacement, a related page. That could be the category page of the specific product,  as a last resort to your homepage. This way the (outdated) page won’t interfere with your site structure anymore.

Evaluate your menu

When your business goals or your website changes, your menu should probably change as well. When you start restructuring your site, making a visual presentation (like an organogram) will pay off. Start with your desired (one or two level) menu and see if you can fit in more of the pages you have created over the years. You’ll find that some pages are still valid, but don’t seem suitable for your menu anymore. No problem, just make sure to link them on related pages and in your sitemaps. This way Google and your visitors can still find these pages. Perhaps the organogram will also show you the gaps in the site structure.

Rethink your taxonomy

Creating an overview of your categories, subcategories and products or posts will also help you to reconsider your site’s taxonomy. Do your product categories and subcategories still provide a logical overview of your product portfolio? Perhaps you’ve noticed somewhere down the line that one product category has been far more successful than others.Or perhaps you wrote many blog posts about one subject and very few about the others.

If one category grows much larger than others your site’s pyramid might get off balance. Think about splitting this category into different categories. But, if some product lines tend to become much smaller than others you might want to merge them. Try to create eight to ten top level categories max to keep your site and structure focused. And don’t forget to redirect the ones you delete.

Tell Google about it

In the unlikely event you have constructed your HTML sitemap manually, update that sitemap after changing your site structure. In the likely event you have an XML sitemap, re-submit it to Google Search Console.

Read more: ‘The structure of a growing blog’ »

Duplicate content

The same content is shown on multiple locations on your site. As a reader, you don’t mind: you’ll get the content you came for. But a search engine has to pick which one to show in the search results, as it doesn’t want to show the same content twice.

Above that, when other websites link to your product, chances are some of them link to the first URL, and others link to the second URL. If these duplicates were all linking to the same URL, though your chance of ranking in the top 10 for the relevant keyword would be much higher. Joost wrote a huge article about this on our website that you should definitely read.

from Yoast • The Art & Science of Website Optimization https://yoast.com/site-structure-the-ultimate-guide/

Yoast SEO 3.9

It’s high time for a new release of our SEO plugins. Since moving to a two-week release schedule, we’ve fixed more bugs than ever and added some awesome new features. With version 3.9, we are gearing up for the big four-oh. In that last release of this year, we will add something remarkable.

But let’s not get ahead of ourselves. Right now, we’re talking about Yoast SEO 3.9 and the changes and enhancements it brings. So, let’s get right to it, ok?

Yoast SEO 3.9

If you use the free version of Yoast SEO, then the first things you’ll notice are the new banners. These are slightly less annoying, while still informing you of our premium products. Besides that, we’ve moved the reload button for Google Search Console from the header. It is now easier to find and use.

We’ve made it possible for other plugins and themes to add HTML namespaces, via the wpseo_html_namespace filter. By doing so, we’ve also made sure to prevent conflicts with other plugins and themes that also add HTML namespaces.

Yoast SEO 3.9 Premium received the same updates and fixes as the regular one, plus a better title update in the social preview section.

Video SEO 3.9

The Video plugin also received some great updates. We’ve added support for traditional Wistia video URL’s and embed codes. To use this, it is recommended to re-index your video’s. There’s now a fallback for the detail retrieval of private Vimeo video’s, so they will be recognized. The plugin now recognizes //player.vimeo.com/… type URL’s. Force a re-index to use it on existing posts.

Local SEO 3.9

Our Local SEO plugin is undergoing some changes as well. The import function has been overhauled, and there is a new export for Yoast Local SEO locations. You can also find a second address line for business addresses that you can use for room numbers or floors, for instance.

Yoast SEO 4.0

In December, we’ll be releasing version 4.0 of Yoast SEO. This release will come with a genuinely awesome new feature for Premium. We can’t tell you too much about it. However, it is something a lot of you will find extremely valuable. Just a few more weeks…

from Yoast • The Art & Science of Website Optimization https://yoast.com/yoast-seo-3-9/

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Rich snippets for product listings with Schema.org

You see them in search results a lot: product listings with added metadata, like price, availability, reviews and specifications. However, not every site offering the same product has the same rich snippets. This could have two reasons. One, Google doesn’t deem the site important enough to show additional metadata. Or two, the site hasn’t been enhanced with Schema.org data. In this article, we’ll focus on Schema.org data for product listings. Already have Schema.org for your products? Learn how to handle your sale prices!

Structured data for rich snippets

The information in rich snippets doesn’t just magically appear; you have to add in the data to give Google the chance to add it to the results. Even then, it’s up to Google if your data is visible or not. Google uses structured data to include the extra data in the search results. The markup for structured data is taken from an open initiative called Schema.org. This data format is developed by several search engines to make sure data can be consistently interpreted by them. You can add all kinds of stuff, like product information, ratings and reviews, or information about your local business.

To implement structured data, you need to offer search engines the correct markup. Microdata, RDFa, and JSON-LD are the most important technologies used to work with structured data. JSON-LD is a lightweight data format that’s easy to read for both humans and machines and appears to be favored by Google these days. Remember, Bing still doesn’t support it.

Rich snippets for a Sony camera on BHPhotoReview.com

An example product

There are two kinds of product information you can show in search results. A product page describes a single product, while a shopping aggregate page describes a list with a single product along with different sellers that offer that product.

Your landing page should contain a Schema.org Product type; this is the product you are selling. It should also contain a nested Offer type; this type describes how the product is sold. The data should be present in the HTML code and not be rewritten in JavaScript.

There are a couple of guidelines you need to follow to work with product markup. For instance, you must use it only for individual products, not a product category. You cannot use it for adult related products, and the name of a reviewer must be a valid name or team.

Example code

The code below describes an example product. In this code, you see different parts of Schema.org code, plus the way JSON-LD presents these. Some highlights:

• type: Describes what kind of product it is
• name, image and description: These are quite obvious
• brand: The brand of the product
  • thing: A thing is the most generic type of item
• aggerateRating: A nested aggregate rating of the product
  • ratingValue: Is the average rating of the product
  • reviewCount: The total number of reviews
• offers: This an indication that the product is for sale
  • offer: An offer to provide a service or sell a product
  • priceCurrency and price: These are quite obvious
• review: A written review of the product, plus rating
  • type: The Schema.org type is a review, of course
  • author: Who wrote it? Has to be a real name
  • datePublished: When was it published?
  • description: The body text of the review
  • name: The title of the review
  • reviewRating: What grade did it get (1-5)
    • bestRating: Five is the max
    • ratingValue: The rating the reviewer gave
    • worstRating: One is the lowest

Other things you can add to your page are, among other things, availability, different kinds of product identification, like SKU, model, color, height, depth and a highPrice and lowPrice.

<script type="application/ld+json">
{
"@context": "http://schema.org/",
  "@type": "Product",
  "name": "Yoast SEO for WordPress",
  "image": "https://cdn-images.yoast.com/uploads/2010/10/Yoast_SEO_WP_plugin_FB.png",
  "description": "Yoast SEO is the most complete WordPress SEO plugin. It handles the technical optimization of your site & assists with optimizing your content.",
"brand": {
  "@type": "Thing",
  "name": "Yoast"
  },
"aggregateRating": {
  "@type": "AggregateRating",
  "ratingValue": "4.7",
  "reviewCount": "7514"
 },
"offers": {
  "@type": "Offer",
  "priceCurrency": "USD",
  "price": "69.00"
  },
"review": {
  "@type": "Review",
  "author": "Hank Jones",
  "datePublished": "2016-11-01",
  "description": "Yoast SEO is a great plugin.",
  "name": "Awesome!",
 "reviewRating": {
  "@type": "Rating",
  "bestRating": "5",
  "ratingValue": "5",
  "worstRating": "1"
  }
 }
}
</script>

Ratings and reviews

We’ve been talking about ratings and reviews in a previous article. There is a small, but important difference between a rating and a review. A rating is a value a product gets on a scale from one to five. A review uses the same scale, but also adds a written explanation text to the rating.

In the code example above, we’ve added a rating and reviews section. This kind of information can be picked up by Google and shown in the search results, right beside your product listing.

Keep the following in mind when working with reviews and ratings. You should clearly refer to a specific product or service. The reviews and ratings must be visible to users from the marked-up page. Use it only for a particular product, not a category. You can only use a valid name for a reviewer, so no ‘Black Friday sale: $50 off’. Plus, ratings have to use the five-point scale.

Temporary price drops in Schema.org

Let’s say you are running a Black Friday sale, and you want it to appear in the search results. Normally, you’d change the price in your Schema.org data and wait for Google’s crawlers to pick it up. However, there is another way to get temporary price/data changes in the results.

To do this, you can use Schema.org/Offer and Schema.org/PriceSpecification. Specify the correct price and the date when the price starts (priceValidFrom) and ends (priceValidUntil). Once you have written your code, you always have to make sure your structured data is valid. To check this, you can use the Structured Data Testing Tool.

If you want to update your price now, you could hit Fetch and Render in Google Search Console and Submit to index. Now, you just have to cross your fingers and hope Google picks it up as soon as possible.

<script type="application/ld+json">
{
"@context": "http://schema.org/",
  "@type": "Product",
  "name": "An excellent product",
  "image": "http://www.example.com/example.jpg",
  "description": "You really should buy this excellent product, because it's excellent.",
  "mpn": "567896",
  "brand": {
  "@type": "Thing",
  "name": "Excellent product"
  },
"aggregateRating": {
  "@type": "AggregateRating",
  "ratingValue": "5",
  "reviewCount": "5657"
  },
"offers": {
  "@type": "Offer",
  "priceCurrency": "USD",
  "price": "99.99",
  "priceValidFrom": "2016-11-28",
  "priceValidUntil": "2016-11-29",
  "itemCondition": "http://schema.org/NewCondition",
  "availability": "http://schema.org/InStock",
"seller": {
  "@type": "Organization",
  "name": "Maker of excellent products"
  }
 }
}
</script>

This is only the beginning

We’ve only shown you the tip of the iceberg. There’s a lot more you can do with Schema.org, and there’s a ton of terms you can add to make your listings even richer. Schema.org is a treasure trove of structured data vocabulary. On pending.schema.org, you can find upcoming terms.

Remember that you should never provide incorrect metadata for Google. So whatever you do, don’t forget to test your code with the Structured Data Testing Tool!

from Yoast • The Art & Science of Website Optimization https://yoast.com/rich-snippets-product-listings/

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